The Turkish military pushed into northwestern Syria on Oct. 9, attacking towns and military positions held by Kurdish fighters. As of press time, in clashes between the two groups, at least 259 Kurdish fighters, 196 Turkey-backed Syrian rebels and seven Turkish soldiers had been killed, along with 120 civilians. Human rights groups accused Turkey of using banned chemical weapons, including white phosphorus and napalm, during their military incursion.

For years, the border between...

Protests over rising costs in Chile began on Oct. 6 and were ongoing at press time. Violence broke out between protesters and police, resulting in the arrests of more than 6,000 people. At least 20 people were reported to have been killed, many in fires set during looting.

The protests began over a proposed increase to public transit fees, but after that proposal was retracted, they continued, now against economic inequality. Chile has one of the highest levels of economic inequality...

Ongoing pro-independence protests began in the provinces of Catalonia, Spain, on Oct. 14 after Spain’s Supreme Court ordered the imprisonment of independence leaders on the charge of sedition. The size of the protests forced a number of trains and airlines to cancel some services to the area.

Protests occasionally have become violent, with clashes between police and counter-protesters reported. Fires have also been set, and on Oct. 15, protesters attempted to storm government...